When Paul taught the doctrine of faith being all that's necessary for salvation?

I would say (E). I would think that he would be in agreement with James that "faith without works is dead" and that one should show one's faith by one's works. I don't think he denigrated works, only that works is the result of faith. In other words, wherever there is faith, there will also be works and that anyone who claims to have faith, but does not also have works, is not telling the truth.